Black Horse Tavern (Gettysburg, Pennsylvania)

Black Horse Tavern
Two-story former tavern with addition
Location: 83 Black Horse Tavern Road,[3] Cumberland Township
Area: 0.5 acres (0.20 ha)
Built: 1812
Governing body: Private
NRHP Reference#: 78002331[1] (GNIS ID #: 1923669)[2]
Added to NRHP: March 30, 1978

The Black Horse Tavern (Bream's Tavern) is a large stone residence at the Pennsylvania Route 116 intersection with a north-south road at Marsh Creek (Monocacy River). The tavern was used as for approximately 65 years[4] before 1909,[2] the mill tract rented by William E. Myers[3] was used as a Battle of Gettysburg field hospital.l[5]

History

Built in 1812[6] along the 1791 Nichol's Gap Road (c. 1869 Fairfield and Gettysburg Turnpike),[7] "Francis Bream purchased the farm and tavern in 1843."[4] During the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg the intersection was a maneuver point for Confederate artillery[8] (the Hagerstown Road forded Marsh Creek).[5] A stone arch roadway bridge was subsequently built at the tavern[6] and in 1927, the highway near the structure was rerouted from over Bream's Hill to an excavation of the new Fairfield Road with a new bridge at "Plank's".[9]

External images
GettysburgDaily.com images

References

  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2010-07-09. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html. 
  2. ^ "Black Horse Tavern (1203112)". Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1203112. Retrieved 2012-01-01. 
  3. ^ author tbd. "Searching for Black Horse Tavern" (tour guide webpage). GettysburgDaily.com. http://www.gettysburgdaily.com/?p=62. Retrieved 2012-01-01. 
  4. ^ Zacher, Susan M. (1977). "Black Horse Tavern" (National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form). National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania. https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce_imagery/phmc_scans/H001253_01H.pdf. Retrieved 2011-12-08.  (also available at the Library of Congress: Cultural Resources Geographic Information System).
  5. ^ "Bream's Mill" (weblog). Ancestry.com. 5 Jan 2003. http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/USCW-GETTYSBURG/2003-01/1041806299. Retrieved 2012-01-01. "Dr. Charles Edward Lippitt of the 57th Virginia sent all of his slightly injured patients, leaving 109 severely wounded men at Pickett's division hospital at Bream's Mill."  NOTE: "Mineral Mills" was surveyed in 1858 downstream of the tavern on the creek's curve at the Hamiltonban/Freedom townships' border, and "Bream's Mineral Mills" became the Emanuel Plank's "Star Roller Mill" before 1889.[1]
  6. ^ Black Horse Tavern... (Report). Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/PA0010/. Retrieved 2012-01-01. 
  7. ^ Beitel, Calvin Gustavus (1874) (Google books). A Digest of Titles of Corporations Chartered by the Legislature.... J. Campbell & son. http://books.google.com/books?id=Zr0ZAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Gettysburg+Plank+Road%22&q=Gettysburg#v=snippet&q=Gettysburg&f=false. Retrieved 2011-11-22. 
  8. '^ "The Fight at Gettysburg: The Confederate Assault on Cemetery Hill". The New York Times (originally from the Louisville Courier-Journal). July 29, 1881. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F00D11FA385A11738DDDA00A94DF405B8184F0D3. Retrieved 2012-01-01. "At length there came an order to turn back [toward Cashtown on July 2] and take another road around by 'Black Horse Tavern,' and [I] have never forgotten that name since. My general recollection is that nearly three hours were lost in that delay and countermarch, and that it was about 4 P. M. when Hood became engaged heavily"  (Confederate artillery commander Alexander)
  9. ^ "County to Build Another Bridge" (Google News Archive). The Star and Sentinel. September 24, 1927. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2241&dat=19270924&id=fkkmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Lf8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4918,4257914. Retrieved 2011-12-05.